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''Portrait of Pope Julius II'' is an oil painting of 1511–12 by the Italian High Renaissance painter Raphael. The portrait of Pope Julius II was unusual for its time and would carry a long influence on papal portraiture. From early in its life, it was specially hung at the pillars of the church of Santa Maria del Popolo, on the main route from the north into Rome, on feast and high holy days. Giorgio Vasari, writing long after Julius' death, said that "it was so lifelike and true it frightened everyone who saw it, as if it were the living man himself".〔Quoted Langmuir, 146〕 The painting exists in many versions and copies, and for many years, a version of the painting which now hangs in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence was believed to be the original or prime version, but in 1970 opinion shifted. The original is currently believed to be the version owned by the National Gallery, London. ==Composition== The presentation of the subject was unusual for its time. Previous Papal portraits showed them frontally, or kneeling in profile. It was also "exceptional" at this period to show the sitter so evidently in a particular mood – here lost in thought.〔Jones & Penny: 158〕 The intimacy of this image was unprecedented in Papal portraiture, but became the model, "what became virtually a formula", followed by most future painters, including Sebastiano del Piombo and Diego Velázquez.〔 The painting "established a type for papal portraits that endured for about two centuries."〔Chilvers: 576 quoted; Gould (1975), 209; Langmuir, 147〕 According to Erica Langmuir, "it was the conflation of ceremonial significance and intimacy which was so startling, combined with Raphael's ability to define the inner structure of things along with their outer texture".〔Langmuir, 147〕 The painting can be dated to between June 1511 and March 1512, when Julius let his beard grow as a sign of mourning for the loss in war of the city of Bologna.〔Gould, 209, 210 note 2〕 Raphael had also included fresco portraits of the bearded Julius, representing earlier popes, in the Raphael Rooms of the Vatican Palace, in ''The Mass at Bolsena'', with portraits of his daughter Felice della Rovere and Raphael himself in the same group, and in the painting representing ''Jurisprudence'' round a window in the Stanza della Segnatura, as well as in the ''Sistine Madonna''.〔Jones and Penny, 76, 157〕 The original hanging in the background was a blue and gold textile, either woven silk or embroidery, with gold emblems in tear shaped light blue compartments against a dark blue background. The emblems were the Papal crossed keys, the Papal tiara, and perhaps the heraldic oak tree of Julius's family, the Della Rovere ("Of the oak"). This was overpainted by Raphael with the green cloth now seen, which itself was painted over before 1824 to give a plain dark background.〔Dunkerton and Roy, 759, which reports further testing modifying Gould (1975), 208–10.〕 The finials of the chair are also formed as acorns to represent the Della Rovere emblem. The six finger rings with large jewels reflect another of Julius's obsessions, which caused Michelangelo to walk out from his service to him.〔Jones and Penny, 158〕 According to the 1901 catalogue of the National Gallery, "This portrait was repeated several times by Raphael, or his scholars. Passavant enumerates ''nine'' repetitions...besides three of the head only."〔National Gallery: 522.〕 There is a possible cartoon for the London version in Palazzo Corsini, Florence,〔Gould (1975): 210〕 and a red chalk drawing at Chatsworth House.〔Jones & Penny: 157-8〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Portrait of Pope Julius II」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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